Social Madia Initiative May Help Increase Organ Donation Essay Example for Free

Social Madia Initiative May Help Increase Organ Donation Essay A new social media initiative helped to boost organ donor registration rates, according to a new study published in the American Journal of Transplantation. The findings suggest that social media might be an effective tool for tackling a variety of problems related to public health in which communication and education are essential. It suggests that social media and social networks may be valuable tools in re-approaching refractory public health problems. (Cameron, A. M. et al. , 2013). Attitudes towards tissue and organ donation have been frequently investigated. Studies, mostly conducted in the United States and Western Europe, have shown that people generally hold positive attitudes towards tissue and organ donation, but only a small percentage of the population really decides to donate them. Many non-donors still hold favorable attitudes towards donor behavior and realize the need for transplants but lack to act upon those attitudes and knowledge. In such situations, a person’s behavior can be influenced by promotion through persuasive messages. A multidimensional conceptualization of donor attitudes was proposed, implying that attitudes towards donation are best represented by two dimensions: one referring to positive aspects and the other to negative consequences of donation. Positive emotions concerning organ donation mostly arise from feeling of pride in being a donor and from the belief in the humanitarian benefits of organ donation, whereas the negative dimension reflects fears of body mutilation and of receiving inadequate medical treatment when ones life is at risk. Parisi Katz, 1986). Concerning organ donation appeals was found that the most effective measure for increasing donation rates was informational message, followed by emotional message, and a message addressing fear. (McIntyre, P. et al. , 1987). Organ transplantation is the most preferred treatment modality for patients with end-stage organ disease. There is an inadequate supply of cadaver organs commensurate with need. Health-care professionals are the critical link in augmenting public awareness about organ donation. Their attitudes and beliefs can influence the public opinion. Another study aims at understanding the awareness, attitudes, and beliefs among the medical postgraduate students. There was a statistically significant correlation between attitudes, beliefs and demographics (Bapat, Kedlaya, Gokulnath, 2010). Suggestions are offered to improve measurement strategy and to guide theoretically based organ donation research within selected disciplines of psychology (Radecki Jaccard, 1997). New strategies are needed to encourage organ donation. Altruism, the impulse that underlies our present system, is undermined by proposals that provide tangible inducements to improve donation which are, in their own subtle ways, coercive (Landry, 2006). Introduction Although the problem of shortage of tissue and organs in Romania has been acknowledged and approached in various ways, no proper methodical research in donor behavior has been done or systematic effort to promote such behavior and increase the number of donors. The main aims of research might be 1) to assess attitudes, knowledge, and intentions regarding donor behavior; 2) to assess the attitudes of health professionals towards tissue and organ donation, as well as their intentions to ask people about donations; 3) to develop two separate persuasive flyiers, one designed especially for the community sample to promote donor behavior, and the other one designed for health professionals to improve their willingness to ask people to donate; and 4) to test the persuasive value and efficiency of the flyiers in inducing and increasing donor behavior. Methods The study may be carried out in two parts. In Study 1, we assess attitudes, knowledge, and intentions about tissue and organ donation of 200 randomly chosen persons from the population of the capital of Bucharest, Romania, as well as of 100 health professionals in different hospitals in Bucharest. We also assess the willingness of health care professionals to ask their patients whether they may be willing to donate their tissue and/or organs. On the basis of attitude and knowledge analyses, two types of tissue and organ donation promotional flyiers are developed: one intended for the community sample and the other for health professionals. The Study 2, may be performed a year later, the leaflets are presented to another group of 100 persons from Bucharest population and 50 health professionals. We compare attitudes, knowledge, and intentions of community sample and health professionals presented with leaflets vs those not presented with leaflets, and assess the persuasive power of the two types of promotional material developed. Hypothesis The community sample presented with the leaflet in Study 2 may show significantly more positive attitudes towards organ donation when compared with the group not presented with a leaflet in Study 1. For health professionals, the Study 2 group presented with a leaflet might show a tendency toward less positive attitudes but significantly more positive intention than those in Study 1 not presented with a leaflet to donate organs. Discussion Presentation of flyiers succeeded in producing a tendency toward more positive attitudes and intentions toward tissue and organ donation. Still, a single presentation is clearly insufficient to produce significant change in all variables attitudes, knowledge, and intentions. The presentation of persuasive flyiers could be successful in improving the attitudes towards tissue and organ donation and increasing the willingness to donate. Obviously, a single presentation of the persuasive material may not be enough to make significant improvement in attitudes or intention to donate. Longerterm promotional interventions should be investigated as a potentially efficient method for increasing donor behavior.

Alcohol and Drinking - Alcoholism as a Disease Essay -- Exploratory Es

Alcoholism as a Disease   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Unfortunately, alcohol brings on the risk of many diseases. "Recent evidence indicates that a wide variety of diseased conditions are brought about by a substance that coats the body's red cells, causing them to adhere to one another in clumps. These clumps, sometimes called 'sludge,' can be created by the ingestion of alcohol"(Burgess,p.130). Alcohol has a disastrous affect on all of the body's organs, the main one being the brain. "At death, the brain of the dependent drinker or alcoholic invariably will reveal enormous numbers of small areas of atrophy in which brain cells have been destroyed"(Burgess,p.131). The brain begins to shrink when under the influence of alcohol. This means that the space that a brain cell took up is now gone because the cell has been destroyed. "In extreme cases most of what is left [of the brain] may be nothing but connective and structural tissue. The neurons themselves, the cells that do the work of the brain, have been destroyed"(Bur gess,p.132). If drinkers, casual or heavy, knew more about alcohol and the effects this drug has on the brain, the number of drinkers would probably drop to a very low amount of people. Unfortunately, this type of material is not made available to many people unless people got suddenly interested to look up the effects alcohol has on the body. There is another type of disease people do not know about called the D.T.'s. This disease is that of body convulsions. This disease is commonly mistaken as being epilepsy, but it is caused by alcohol. It is caused by people trying to quit drinking. The body is suddenly taken off a sedative and is having withdrawals. The withdrawals are convulsions which also kills brain cells. "Depende... ...t also all of the innocent people that are involved. With so many scary things that can happen to the body, why enhance death when a person ca try to prevent it?    Works Cited: Burgess, Louise Bailey. "Alcohol and your health" 1973. Denzin, Norman K. The Recovering Alcoholic. New York: Sage Publications, 1987.    Works Consutled: Berger, Gilda.   Alcoholism and the family.  Ã‚   New York:   Franking Watts, 1993. Graeber, Laurel.   Are you Dying for a Drink?:   Teenagers and Alcohol Abuse.   Ã‚  Ã‚   NewYork: Julian Messner, 1992. Kowalski, Kathiann.   "The Dangers of Alcohol."   Current Health   2 February 1998: 6-7. CD-ROM. Marlatt, Alan G.   "Alcoholism: Disease or Addiction?"   Professional Counselor October 1996: 104. Schulte, Brigid.   "How to Deal with a Family Alcoholic." Knight-Ridder Newspaper 23 December 1997.   CD-ROM.   

Basic Accounting Assignment Essay

Generally Accepted   Principles, Balance sheet, Accounts receivable, Income statement, Debt, Liability, Double-entry bookkeeping system, Accounts payable 1- Explain the collecting, recording, classifying, summarizing, analyzing and reporting process of accounting. – Collecting:- Data obtained from various sources with the help of appropriate measures is called collection of data. – Recording:- Arranging the data into its chronological form is called recording of data. – Classifying:- Division of data according to nature of events is called classification of data. – Ledger is used for classifying transactions – Posting is the process of transferring transactions from journal to ledger. Summarizing:- This involves presenting the classified data in a manner which is understandable and useful to the management and other interested parties. Follow statements are prepared:- – Income statement – Balance Sheet – Cash flow statement – Analyzing:- The comparison of data in a business is called analyzing of data. For example, analyzing of present data with past data, or actual data w ith projected data. – Reporting:- Forwarding the results to financial users like chairman, directors, managers etc. is called reporting of data. – Discuss in detail the nature of accounts i. e. assets, expenses, liabilities, revenues and capital by giving examples. – Assets:- The resources of a business are called assets. They are of two types:- – Fixed Assets: Land, Building, Equipment, Vehicle etc. – Current Assets: Cash, cash at bank, A/c receivable, debtors, prepaid expenses. – Expenses:- The amount spent in a business with a view to gain profit in the future is called expense. Examples are rent expenses, salaries expenses, advertisement expenses etc. – Liabilities:- The financial responsibilities of the business for which it is liable are called liabilities. They are divided into two types:- – Fixed Liabilities (Bank Loan, Bonds Payable, Mortgage Payable. ) – Current Liabilities (Notes Payable, Unearned Income, Creditors. ) – Capital:- The amount of money invested by the owner in the business is called capital. – Revenue:- The incomes and the profits earned in the business through selling are called revenues. For example, Sales, Service revenue, Interest, commission earned. – Drawings:- The amount of money taken away by the proprietor for personal benefits is called Drawings. 3- Describe the accounting rule of debit and credit for accounts like assets, expenses, liabilities, revenues and capital. – Assets – Increase in Asset is debit. – Decrease in Asset is credit. – Liabilities – Increase in liabilities is credit. – Decrease in liabilities is debit. – Revenues – Increase in revenues is credit. – Decrease in revenues is debit. – Expenses – Increase in expense is debit. – Decrease in expense is credit. – Capital – Increase in capital is credit. – Decrease in capital is debit. – Select any twenty categories from the above and identify a transaction that will have the required effect on the business. 1- Purchased Goods on credit 25,000. 2- Gave services for cash 5,000. 3- Brought cash in business 65,000. 4- Adjusting entry of out standing salaries 9000. 5- Wa ges wrongly debited to Sales 400. 6- Salaries wrongly debited to Drawings 600. 7- Paid to accounts payable in cash 1500. 8- Goods returned by customer worth 650. 9- Withdrew cash for personal use 550

What Is an Oxyacid in Chemistry

An oxyacid is an acid that contains an oxygen atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and at least one other element. An oxyacid dissociates in water to form the H cation and the anion of the acid. An oxyacid has the general structure X-O-H. Also Known As: oxoacidExamples: Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), and nitric acid (HNO3) are all oxyacids. Note: Keto acids and oxocarboxylic acids are sometimes mistakenly called oxyacids.

Thermodynamics and the Cooking of a Turkey

Turkeys are native to North America, called Indian fowls in some writings of the 1500s. Around 1519, ships began transporting turkeys back to Spain, thus beginning its migration to Europe. American Benjamin Franklin advocated the turkey as the national bird. The turkey became prominent in Europe in the 1800s during the holiday season, replacing the goose as the most popular Christmas bird in the latter part of the century. In 1851, Queen Victoria had a turkey in place of her standard Christmas swan. The Make-Up of a Turkey At the biochemical level, a turkey is a combination of approximately 3 parts water to one part fat and one part protein. The majority of meat comes from muscle fibers in the turkey, which are mostly proteins—notably myosin and actin. Because turkeys rarely fly but rather walk, they contain far more fat in their legs than in their breast, which results in the strong differences in texture between these sections of the bird and the difficulty in making sure that all portions of the bird are properly heated. The Science of Cooking a Turkey As you cook the turkey, muscle fibers contract until they begin to break up at around 180 F. Bonds within the molecules begin to break down, causing proteins to unravel, and the dense muscle meat to become more tender. Collagen in the bird breaks down into softer gelatin molecules as it unwinds. The dryness of a turkey is a result of muscle proteins coagulating within the meat, which can result if it is cooked too long. Temperature Differentials Part of the problem, as described above, is that the different nature of the light and dark meat in a turkey result in different rates to reach the coagulation of the muscle proteins. If you cook it too long, the breast meat has coagulated; if you dont cook the bird long enough, the dark meat is still tough and chewy. Harold McGee, a food science writer, indicates aiming for 155 to 160 F in the breast (which concurs with the overall temperature indicated by Roger Highfield), but you want 180 degrees or above in the leg (a distinction Highfield does not address). Heating Differentials Since you ultimately want the breast and legs to be different temperatures, the question is how to successfully accomplish this. McGree presents one option, by using ice packs to keep the breast of the bird about 20 degrees lower than the legs while thawing, so that the legs get a heat start on the cooking process when theyre put in the oven. Alton Brown, of Food Networks Good Eats, once presented another way to establish different heating rates, using aluminum foil to reflect heat away from the breast, thus resulting in the legs heating faster than the breast. His current roast turkey recipe on the Food Network website does not include this step, but if you watch the related videos, it shows the steps involved in using the aluminum foil. Cooking Thermodynamics Based on thermodynamics, it is possible to make some estimations of cooking time for a turkey. Considering the following estimations, it becomes fairly straightforward: Assume the oven maintains a constant temperature throughout.Assume the thermal diffusivity is independent of temperature and time.Assume the turkey is so plump that it can be estimated as a sphere. You can then apply the principles of Carlaw Jaegers 1947 Conduction of Heat in Solids to come up with an estimate for the cooking time. The radius of the hypothetical spherical turkey falls out, resulting in a formula based solely on mass. Traditional Cooking Times Small bird - twenty minutes per pound 20 minutesLarge bird - fifteen minutes per pound 15 minutes It would appear that these traditional cooking times work well in conjunction with the thermodynamic calculations provided, which give the time as being proportional to the mass to the power of two-thirds. Panofsky Turkey Constant Pief Panofsky, former SLAC Director, derived an equation to attempt to more precisely determine the cooking time of a turkey. His problem is that he disliked the traditional suggestion of 30 minutes per pound, because the time a turkey should be cooked is not a linear equation. He used t to represent the cooking time in hours and W as the weight of the stuffed turkey in pounds and determined the following equation for the amount of time the turkey should be cooked at 325 degrees Fahrenheit. According to the report, the constant value of 1.5 was determined empirically. Heres the equation: t W (2/3)/1.5 Particle Accelerators Create Shrink Wrap The plastic shrink wrap that turkeys (specifically Butterball turkeys) come in may also have an amazing connection to particle physics. According to Symmetry magazine, some of these forms of shrink wrap are actually created by a particle accelerator. Particle accelerators use electron beams to knock hydrogen atoms off of the polymer chains within the polyethylene plastic, making it chemically active in just the right way so that when the heat is applied it shrinks around the turkey.

The Controversy of the Manipulation of Advertising Essay

The Controversy of the Manipulation of Advertising Is advertising manipulative; can it be controlling, or is it fueling the demand of the American economy? The exhaustive battle of what advertising is and what it’s not is never-ending and both ends of the spectrum can only battle with statistics, words, and opinions on the fact of the matter. Many arguments have arisen since the establishment of the advertising industry and everyone sheds their own light on the subject. In â€Å"Beauty and the Beast of Advertising,† Jean Kilbourne argues that the advertising industry portrayal of women is narrow-minded and produces emotional and psychological problems within women in regards with their roles in society, their physical appearance, and†¦show more content†¦According to Kilbourne advertising creates artificiality in the sense that â€Å"beauty comes from without†(238). She supports her argument by stating, â€Å"more than one million dollars is spent every hour on cosmetics†(238). She said woman are conditioned to fit this false ideal and are going as far as altering body parts to reach the unreachable norm. She further supports her argument by stating more facts, stats, and surveys. Kilbourne complains that women are â€Å"dismembered in commercials, separated into body parts in need of change or improvement†(239). She reiterates that it is to reach this level of beauty and is not viable to maintain. Kilbourne’s last point is that advertising influences sexual attitudes. She points out that â€Å"advertising’s approach to sex is pornographic: it reduces people to objects and de-emphasizes human contact and individuality†(239). She argues that the commercial women today are portrayed as independent hardworking women that can do it all. On the contrary she notes this is an illusion that reduces complex sociopolitical problems to mundane personal ones†(239). 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Sylvia Plath Poet and Writer free essay sample

This paper takes a look at the poet and writer, Sylvia Plath. The author argues that Sylvias style of writing was deeply influenced by the events in her life, including the death of her father, her deep depression, her attempts at suicide, and her loss of a loved one. With many quotes from critics. Sylvia Plath was a brilliant poet and writer. She wrote several books of poems but did not become famous until after her death. The events that occurred in her life deeply affected what and whom she wrote about. Her fathers death, mounted by her deep depression, and attempted suicide, all affected Sylvias life as well as her style of writing. Sylvia Plath was born October 27, 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts. She was the first child of Dr. Emil Otto Plath and Aurelia Schober Plath. Otto was a German who came to study ministry and Northwestern University, but wound up as a biology professor at Boston University, after attaining a Masters Degree in the arts from Washington University and a Ph. We will write a custom essay sample on Sylvia Plath: Poet and Writer or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page D. in science from Harvard, who specialized in bees. Aurelia Schober Plath was a German and English teacher at Brookline High School, until she married Otto and became a homemaker (Alexander 20-30).